Nick,
Sorry to hear about your job, especially the way it happened. I've dabbled in HR for many years here in Texas and it's an "at will" state also so yes a company can fire you for any reason-valid or not. Howver, you can certainly go to the labor board or talk to a lawyer to get some advice. I'm over 40 and a Viet Nam vet so lawyers and labor boards love my type when we get fired or layed off with suspect circumstances. Don't know all your circumstances but the fact there wasn't any discussion or warning, etc. gives you some leverage. We'll keep you in our prayers.