Hi Mark,

With older vintage solid-state gear ('60s and '70s), you'll definitely hear some thermal hiss (not hum) when the volume control is well advanced and your ear is close to the speakers.

You'll also normally hear some thermal hiss on AV receivers on the Phono input (moving-magnet--MM), which adds another gain stage, especially so on a unit that has a moving-coil (MC) cartridge input. The latter adds yet another stage of gain, so unless it's a really expensive low-noise design, you'll almost always have a bit of residual hiss on the MC phono input.

Modern inexpensive stereo or AV receivers may have a bit of thermal hiss when the volume control is near maximum, but you shouldn't have any hum if all the grounding is correct.

Well-designed separates (separate preamp and power amp) should be virtually dead quiet, even at maximum rotation of the volume control and when you're really close to the speakers.

Regards,
Alan


Alan Lofft,
Axiom Resident Expert (Retired)