2x6, your history is a little off.
Napoleon defeated the Marmalukes in 1798. The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in 1928, a full 120 years later, as a result of the 1924 collapse of the Islamic/Ottoman "Khilafa" (central leadership and unity). In part, the collapse came about after a territorial dispute over -- you guessed it -- Jerusalem, which was then possessed by the Ottoman Empire, could not be solved diplomatically. The Zionist movement convinced Western countries (England, France) to assist in the dissolution of the empire. Come WWI, the West was collaborating with Arab revolts against the Ottoman Empire. They also started a campaign of Christian preaching and the building of Christian schools and churches. The goal was to convert Muslims to Christianity -- or conquest from within.
So, a lot of the movements you mention were a direct result of the West's policy toward what we now refer to as the Middle East. We, the West, are as much at fault for religious war.
